(This kind of problem is an inevitable consequence of trying to approximate real numbers via finite binary approximations we will talk about it more in a few weeks.) The R language has a zapsmall function that sets small values to zero the numpy module for Python has a real_if_close() function, but that’s not quite what we want (we want to set the real part to zero). Python tells me the answer is \(\epsilon+i\), where \(\epsilon\) is a tiny number (not quite zero). They don’t give me exactly what I wanted, though. These both work ( but only in Python 3: Python 2 gives “negative error cannot be raised to a fractional power”). Oh well, it looks like the math module is really only designed for floating-point operations, not operations on complex numbers …Ĭoming back to what (in hindsight) I should have done in the first place, I tried (1) the pow() function (which takes care of the order-of-operations problem pow() is definitely applied after the unary minus sign and (2) making sure I put parentheses around the (-1) when using the ** operator. Just out of curiosity, what happens if I try math.sqrt() on a number that’s already defined as complex? math.sqrt(complex(-1,0)) # Traceback (most recent call last): That showed me that there is indeed a pow function for complex numbers (admittedly this is a little hard to read!), but that’s not really the point – I want to take pow() of a negative floating point number with a fractional power. What if I try reading the help file? help("complex")
Apparently math.sqrt defines a function whose domain is restricted to non-negative values (that’s what math domain error means). Math.sqrt(-1) # Traceback (most recent call last): Using a little bit of additional information (I knew/guessed that there is an extra library, or module, in Python called math, and that the following is the way to access it): import math # load the math module Then I guessed that there might be a square-root function called sqrt(): this is common in a lot of computer languages sqrt(-1) # Traceback (most recent call last): This didn’t work due to a logical but surprising glitch: the operator precedence (i.e., the order in which operators get executed) is higher for the power operator ** than for the unary minus operator. It took me a little while, but the way that I tried to get there may be interesting.įirst, I tried to take the square root of -1: print(-1**0.5) # -1.0 I was wondering whether there was an easier way or a shortcut for writing complex(a,b) to get a complex number of the form \(a+bi\) (or \(a+bj\), in keeping with Python’s use of j for \(\sqrt\). To learn more about LiveFlow, book a demo.Square roots of negative numbers Ben Bolker 15:33 12 January 2015 You can also customize these templates as you want without breaking the automated data inflow. Furthermore, you can access more than fifty templates here, from the simple Income Statement and Operational KPI templates to Multi-Currency Consolidated Income Statement, Balance Sheet, and Cash Flow templates.
#Square root of a negative number manual#
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#Square root of a negative number how to#
How do I square a number in Google Sheets?Ĭheck this article to learn how to use the POWER formula in Google Sheets, where you see not only how to square a number but also how to compute X to the power of N by using a formula. For example, if you want to find a negative square root of 25, the formula could be “=-1*SQRT(25)”. You can get a negative square root by multiplying -1 by a result of the SQRT function.
How do you put a negative square root in Google Sheets? How to use SQRT formula in Googles Sheets with some examples How do you do math formulas in Google Sheets?Ĭheck this article to learn how to do basic math calculations in Google Sheets.
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